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РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО И ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ
28
ͪКормопроизводствоͫ № 2, 2015
www.kormoproizvodstvo.ruPRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER CROP AGROPHYTOCENOSES
Yu. A. Lapshin, PhD Agr. Sc.
S. V. Byrkanova
Mari El Agricultural Research Institute
425231, Russia, the Republic of Mari El, Medvedevskiy rayon, Ruem, Pobedy str., 10
E-mail:
via@mari-el.ruOne of the factors which stabilize the producƟon of green fodder and fodder grain is the increase in the for-
age crops diversity, in parƟcular due to the winter triƟcale. IntroducƟon of triƟcale and its high-yielding variet-
ies should be considered as one of the most promising tools of agricultural producƟon intensificaƟon. The re-
search subjects: single-species winter crops (rye, wheat, triƟcale) and mixed phytocenoses based on these crops
including winter vetch. The laƩer ones were sown against the following two mineral ferƟlizaƟon background:
P
30
K
30
(basic introducƟon) + N
34
(spring Ɵllering) and P
30
K
30
(basic introducƟon) + N
68
(spring Ɵllering). Binary phy-
tocenosis of winter rye with winter vetch showed the highest yield of green mass against both ferƟlizer back-
grounds — 35.9 and 36.5 tons ha
-1
, respecƟvely. It resulted in 7.12…7.41 tons ha
-1
of dry mass, 5710…5880 FU ha
-1
,
1406...513 kg ha
-1
of digesƟble protein. Nitrate content in green fodder was below maximum permissible value.
The amount of the fodder grain produced was defined both by phytocenosis type and by mineral ferƟlizer back-
ground. The highest grain producƟvity among single-species biocenoses was shown by winter rye: 4.48…5.03 tons
ha
-1
depending on the mineral nutriƟon background. Mixed phytocenoses’ yield was higher than the yield of each
of its components, if culƟvated separately. Higher producƟvity of mixed phytocenosis can be explained by bet-
ter use of the environment resources, and by lower leaf disease suscepƟbility. The highest net income and low-
est cost of 1 kg of fodder grain was observed on the N
68
P
30
K
30
background. The ternary mixed cereal agrophytoce-
nosis with the following raƟo of the crops: winter triƟcale — 2…2.5 million viable seeds per 1 ha; winter wheat —
2…2.5 million viable seeds per 1 ha; winter rye — 1…2 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The laƩer variant was the best
one. It gave the greatest amount of fodder grain — 5.2…5.7 tons ha
-1
, the lowest primecost — 3.6…3.7 RUR/kg
of grain and the highest level of profitability — 86.3…93.5 %. Thus, culƟvaƟng winter crop phytocenosis includ-
ing vetch, triƟcale, wheat and rye is an affordable and cheap way of producing high yields of green mass and fod-
der grain. Their grain producƟvity reaches 5.2…5.7 tons ha
-1
with profitability of 82…93 % and the primecost of
3.5…3.8 RUR per 1 kg of fodder grain. The amount of digesƟble protein per 1 FU reached 96 g, which is close to
the physiological norm.
Keywords:
winter triƟcale, winter rye, winter wheat, ferƟlizers, producƟvity, green feed, fodder grain, quality,
economic efficiency.
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