ЭлБиб

PRODUCTION OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES BY UNCONVENTIONAL

TECHNOLOGIES

________

HIGHEFFICIENTCALLUSFORMATIONIN

IN VITRO

CULTUREOFYEW

A.V.Pavlov, L.G.Tyryshkin, M .J.Pinaeva

St.-Petersburg Chemical-Pharm . Academy, St.-Petersburg, st. prof. Popov 14

In vitro

culture of yew is one of the alternative aproach to obtain medecine

compound taxol and taxanes used in medecine to cure different types o f

cancer. Most o f the succesful researches on the

in vitro

yew cultures were

conducted on

Taxus brevifolla

(Gibson et all, 1993, Ketchum et all, 1995)

w idly spread in North America but absent in Russia and nearest countries.

Creation o f fast growing callus cultures fo r species of genera

Taxus

growing

in our country could permit to solve the problem of obtaining as taxol as new

taxanes suitable for cancer cure.

Mature embrios, megagametophytes, parts of stems and needles were

investigated forthe abilty to produce calluses in species T.baccata. Explants

were sterilised with sodium hypochlorid (5%), washed with water and placed

on media in Petri dishes and incubated in the darkness at 25“C.

As basal B5 media with different contents o f sugars and auxines was

used. A fter 24 days o f cultivation the frequency of explants having given

callus and callus size were scored.

When needles were used as primary explants and medium with

succrose and 2,4D D T. cuspidata was best as for callus formation frequency

as fo r growth index. When medium with mixtures of maltose and fructose (

1% o f each ) and 2,4,5,T as auxine was used 100% of needle and stems

explants of all the species formed calluses; for megagametophytes the best

medium was one with the same sugars content and parachlorphenoxiacetic

acid as auxine.

The basal parts of needles formed callus much more quickly than middle

or distal ones and formed calluses had highergrowth rate. Likely it is

connected with the occurence of larger quantity o f cells with meristematic

activity in these parts o f leaves.

Obtained primary calluses are used fo r creation of stable taxol producing

cell lines.

503

Научная электронная библиотека ЦНСХБ