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Молочнохозяйственный вестник, №1 (29), I кв. 2018
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РЕФЕРАТЫ
влажность, тем ниже питательная ценность. В зерне, убранном в фазу начала
восковой спелости, содержится в среднем 0,7 кормовой единицы, концентрация
обменной энергии составляет 7,2 МДж (в 1 кг натурального корма). Эти показатели
на 30%ниже по сравнению с зерном, убранным в фазу полной спелости. Полученное
зерно успешно сохраняется в плющёном виде при создании герметичных условий.
Наиболее высокая сохранность зерна отмечена при использовании биологической
закваски Биотроф-600 в дозе 1,0 и 0,5 л/т зерна. Потери сухого вещества зерна за
период хранения снижались в 1,5‒2,0 раза.
Summary
In order to study the grain mixtures and determine the effective time for their
harvesting in 2001, a field experiment was laid on the experimental field. The soil of the
experimental site is typical for the region, it is drained, sod-podzolic, medium loamy,
medium cultivated with a phosphorus content of 100 mg / kg, potassium 260 mg /
kg, humus 2.17%, pH sol 5.7. Accounting and observations were conducted according
to generally accepted methods of All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute. In
the experiment single-species crops of barley, spring wheat and oats were studied, as
well as grain mixtures formed on the basis of these crops. Harvesting of cereals was
carried out in the phase of the beginning of wax ripeness, in the phase of wax ripeness
and in full ripeness. As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that the
species composition of grain fodder was influenced by barley sowing rates. Getting the
optimal amount of barley grain in the grain mixture ensures a seeding rate of 50-75%
of the total. Mixed grain crops for yields were not inferior to single-species crops.
A significant increase in the yield of grain crops is provided during harvesting in the
phase of the beginning of wax ripeness of grain. With threshing in the phase of wax
ripeness, barley provided a yield of 3.52 tons from 1 hectare; in the phase of complete
ripeness, respectively, 2.60 tons. When sowing grain crops as part of a grain mixture,
it is possible to obtain grain fodder with a higher content of fat and protein. So, joint
sowing of barley with wheat allows to obtain food with increased protein content by
15-20%, barley with oats - fat by 15-35%, barley with oats and wheat by protein by
8-15% and fat by 10-25% % in comparison with single-species barley crops. The study
established the dependence of the nutrient content on the moisture content of the grain
- the higher the humidity is, the lower the nutritional value is. The grain, harvested in
the early phase of wax ripeness contains an average of 0.7 units of fodder, concentration
of exchange energy is 7.2 MJ (1 kg of natural forage). These figures are 30% lower
compared to grains harvested during the full ripeness phase. The resulting grain is
successfully preserved in a flattened state when creating hermetic conditions. The
highest preservation of grain was observed when Biotroph-600 biological preparation
was used in a dose of 1.0 and 0.5 l / t of grain. The losses of dry matter of grain during
the storage period are reduced by 1.5-2.0 times.
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