ЭлБиб

RESULTS

SIDERITIS SCARDICA

GRISEB. AND

SIDERITIS SYRIACA

(S. TAURICA S T E PH.)

Sideritis scardica

and

S. syriaca

are rare plants in Bulgarian flora.

S. scardica

is an endemic for the Balkan peninsula. Both species are protected by the Law

of Biodiversity (2002), included in the Red Data Book of Bulgaria ( В е л ч е в ,

1984). The collection from the native population is prohibited.

The investigations confirmed the existence of

S. syriaca,

which has not

been found since 1932, as well as that of

S. scardica

in the mountains of Pirin,

Slavianka, and Rhodopes. In the condition of the localities, the populations

prove to be calciphiles, xerophytes, chasmophytes, thermophytes and heliophytes.

Its scanty populations take part in the secondary communities like assectators

( Е в с т а т и е в а и др., 1990; Е в с т а т и е в а, В а с и л е в , 1994).

The seed germination and seedling development were slow ( Е в с т а т и е в a,

П о п о в а 1998; E v s t a t i e v a , K o l e v a , 2000).

Four flavonoid glycosides, iridoids, tannins, diterpenfids and triterpenoids

were found in the wild populations (T a s к о v a, et al., 1997; T o d o r o v a ,

et al. 2000; E v s t a t i e v a , 2002). The most adapted, higher yield forms

with uniform high concentration of the active constituents were used for

agricultural breeding under controlled conditions. The new favourable conditions

improve the germination up to 80%, growth and development. The biomass

grows considerably. The amount of flavonoids and tannins has also grown in

cultivated patterns.

The cultivation techniques adapted the plants in different soils and climatic

conditions ( E v s t a t i e v a , K o l e v a , 2000; Е в с т а т и е в а, К у н -

ч e в 2001 ). Since 1998,

Sideritis scardica

and

S. syriaca

have been cultivated

in farmland regions of Northeast Bulgaria, the Rhodope Mountains, the

Thracian Lowlands and the Sofia region.

RHODIOLA ROSEA L.

Rhodiola rosea

is regarded as a rare plant in Bulgarian flora, protected by

the Law of Biodiversity (2002), and prohibited for collection. In the last 10

years, there was a run in the markets of this plant and the natural populations

have been threatened.

The investigation shows that the distribution of the species is very restricted

in the higher Bulgarian mountains, such as Rila, Pirin, and Stara Planina, up

to 2000 m altitude. The populations prove to be criophytes, mesoxerophytes

and heliophytes. The seeds are characterized with their low germination

(13-18%), and the plants are propagated predominantly by rhizomes. The

plants introduced died after 2 years, after being under controled conditions in

the experimental field near Sofia, 457 m a. s. 1.

The salidroside and polyphenol compounds in

Rhodiola rosea

are varied in

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