ЭлБиб

CELL CULTURE FOR PRODUCINO PLANTS RESISTANT TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC

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FACTORS

VITRO

SELECTION OFWHEATGENOTYPESWITH COMPLEX

RESISTANCE TO

F U S A R IU M

R O T S

E.Klechkovskaya, S.Ignatova, A.Slepchenko,M.Makhnovskaya,N.Litvinenko

Plant Breeding andGenetics Institute, Odessa, Ukraine

Fusarium rots o f wheat are widespread in the south-west o f Ukraine.

Phytopathological conditions o fthis agricultural zone demand the permanent

control o f wheat resistance to

Fusarium spp.

Year by year fungi from genera

Fusarium Link. infect roots, stems bases, provoking root rot, crown rot.

Finally, they are the reason of significant yield losses. Fusarium scab leads

to grain toxication and is usual in humid seasons.

There are three types of plants resistance to Fusarium fungi: l-resistance

to fungi penetration into the plant; II - resistance to fungi spread inside the

plant; III - resistance to fusarium toxines.

In vitro

methods allow us to carry

out complex phytopathology valuation and select desired genotypes

accurately. I and II resistance types can be estimated by the method o f

"direct contact". Before the germ has been isolated into the culture, seed

infected by Fusarium fungi. Forthis purpose the seed have been keeping for

12-14 hours in the culture, containing 105-106 spore/ml. Germs are transfered

to the culture medium in the sterile conditions after the direct contact with

pathogen. Germs, which are free from endosperms, demonstrate specific

directly to plants genotypes results.

Mature and non-mature wheat germs are suited fo r estimation the III

type o f resistance. In this case ones add fusarium toxins or liquid culture o f

fungi with high toxin-produsing ability into selective medium. Regenerants

ability to resist the accumulation o f toxins in plants tissues is estimated in

a 14-16dayes after germ cultivation. P8, created in the PB&GI biotechnology

laboratory, was selected fo rthe nutrient medium fo rthe germ cultivation.

Proposed

in vitro

method is g roving in importance when homozygous

lines are using for plant breeding material estimation. Double haploids have

been obtained by method of anther culture from F1-F2 of promising hybrid

populations. Spectrum of obtaining genotypes are full enough to define the

plant breeding combinations correctly. Lines, which offer all three types o f

resistance, occure not widely. The largest amount of such lines we obtained

from hybrid combination SO 2968 x Ynnat. But even here such lines cover

only 2,5% compare to overall amount o f analysing samples.

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