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C E L L S E L E C T IO N
ON THE PLACEANDIMPORTANCEOF BIOTECHNOLOGICALMETHODS
INGRAPEBREEDING
M.V.Melkonian, V.A.Zlenko,V.A.Volynkin,N.P.Oleinikov
Institutefo r Vine and Wine "Magarach"31, Kirov S t, Yalta, 334200, UKRAINE, E-
Mail:
Investigation of the genetic nature o f vine as a complex heterozygote is
still in its very beginning. W ithin the framework o f such research, to be
mentioned are specification of ampelographical characteristics o f varieties
o f different origins,the determination of ploidity and characterization o f
chromosome morphology by cytogenetic methods, the detection o f
regularities as to inheritance of traits and properties by agrobiological
methods,those of mathematical genetics, ets. Nevertheless, such knowledge
enables breeders to release new grape cultivars with a pre-fixed set of
biological and economical traits.
Further improvement of knowledge on vine in this direction can be through
the use o f tissue culture methods permitting variants to be produced from
the cell of the vegetative and the reproductive organs of vine. Simultaneously,
breeders in cooperation with cytogeneticists, determine genetic parameters
and regularities o f their inheritance based on cell and later on juvenile plants.
However, any fundamental research is an end in itself without practical
application,and tissue culture still remains so as far as breeding is concerned.
A t the present level o f biological science, grape assortment is enlarged with
new cultivars having high yielding capacity and good quality of fruit combined
w ith resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors based on genetic
and physiologo-biochemical regularities by means of traditional method o f
breeding. Meantime, biotechnology, tissue culture in particular, should be
aimed at the solution of problems that still are beyond the efforts of geneticists.
Among such problems, to be mentioned are the development o f methods to
germinate embryos o f ungerminating hybrid seeds, the production o ftriploid
grape forms from seed endosperm and haploid forms from pollen grains, the
hybridization at the cellular level using DNA, etc.
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