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РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО И ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ 26
ͪКормопроизводствоͫ № 6, 2015
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USING SAFFLOWER
IN THE CENTRAL NON-CHERNOZEM REGION OF RUSSIA
1S. K. Temirbekova, Dr. Biol. Sc.
1A. A. Kurilo, PhD Biol. Sc.
1Yu. V. Afanaseva
1S. N. Konovalov, PhD Biol. Sc.
2D. A. Postnikov, Dr. Agr. Sc.
1Plant Genofond and Bioresourses Center, Laboratory and Analytical Center for Agrochemistry, Soil Science and
Agroecology, All-Russian Breeding-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery
115598, Russia, Moscow, Zagorevskaya str., 4
2Department of Agroecology, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University
127550, Russia, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya str., 49
E-mail:
Safflower (Carthamus Ɵnctorius L.) has several unique characterisƟcs in comparison with tradiƟonal green manure
crops, white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and blue lupine (Lupinus angusƟfolius L.). Plowing safflower in the bloom in-
creased the biological soil acƟvity significantly. It reduced the following cereal crop’s weediness by 62 %, plowing
white mustard — by 56, blue lupine — by 54 %. Safflower as a phytomelioraƟon crop provided a posiƟve balance
of phosphorus in the soil. AŌer plowing the green mass of safflower 75.1 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 64.3 kg ha-1 phosphorus
and 81.4 kg ha -1 potassium were supplied into the topsoil. The All-Russian Breeding-Technological InsƟtute of Hor-
Ɵculture and Nursery in 2005–2012 years had created a safflower variety ‘Krasa Stupinskaya’ via selecƟon from
‘Shifo’. Fat content in the seeds reaches 29–31 %. 100 kg of its presscake contains 75.5 FU. The energy efficiency
raƟo is 2.47. The comparaƟve study of the topsoil nutrient status aŌer green manuring has substanƟated that saf-
flower as well as white mustard enhances K+ absorpƟon. This is proved by potassium content in the canopy and
root mass being 1.97 and 1.41 % respecƟvely.
Keywords: safflower, green manure, forage crop, phytomelioraƟon, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, 1000 seeds
weight, producƟvity.
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