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SOM ACLONAL VARIATIONS O F PLA N T S AND CU LTURED C E L L S

OBTAININGTHE POLYPLOIDS OF FODDER GRASSES INMATURE

EMBRYOSCULTURE

D.Assanova, S.Jokebaeva, S.Kolumbaeva, A.Ivashchenko

A l-F a rab i K azakh S tate N ation a l University, 71 A l-F arabi Avenue, A lm aty

480121 Kazakhsan

Agropyron

and

Psathyrostachysjuncea

are related to the most important

and widespread fodder grasses of arid zone. The five sorts of three types o f

Agropyron (A

pectinatum, A. cristatum, A. desertorum)

and two sorts of

Psathyrostachys juncea were used. Cultivating

in vitro

was made on the

nutrient medium o f Murashige and Sroog.

Cytological analysis was carried out for 207 regenerated plants obtained

from different sorts. An overwhelming majority of them was diploid forms.

The number of tetraploids varied from 12% to 30%, it depended from the

sort. Single uneuploid plants were obtained from all sorts. The greatest output

o f regenerated plants was obtained in the first month of cultivation, mainly

diploid forms having been regenerated. After cultivation terms had extended

the output of diploid plantswas observed to decrease under general reduction

o f regeneration processes. Tetra- and uneuploid plants were registered to

increase underthe circumstances.

It has to be noted that under the influence of polyploidy various indications

and properties of plants change. Natural tetraploid forms

of Agropyron

and

Psathyrostachysjuncea

differ appreciably from diploid ones. Tetraploids have

a w ider leaf, a longer ear, more spikelets in an ear, a higher productivity. The

most effective method of obtaining the induced tetraploids o f fodder grasses

is known to be processing the shoots with colchicine. However, the results

o f our experiments proved technique

in vitro

may be used together with the

colchicining method to obtain polyploids.

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