ЭлБиб

TO T IPO T EN C Y AND M O R PH O G EN E SIS OF PLANT C E L L S

IN V IT R O

PRODUCTIONOFSEEDLINGSFROMSEEDRUDIMENTSOFSEEDLESS

GRAPECULTIVARS

I.A.Pavlova, M.Y.Melkonian, L.K.Kireeva

Institutefor Vine and Wine "Magarach"31, KirovSt., Yalta, 33-1200, Ukraine,

Phone: 065 432 6244, E-Mail:

elena@magarach.crimea.ua

;

Obtaining of seedless grape cultivars is hampered by the facts that the

seedless cultivars can be used only as father forms in crosses; the frequency

of seedlessness o f the progeny is very low and the effect of genetic and

environmental factors on seedlessness is not clear when crosses of a seeded

cultivar with a seedless culturar are carried out. Embryos abortiveness of

seedless cultivars may be due to a physiological unbalance of parent tissues

during ontogeny.

In vitro

method allows embryo development to be promoted at the

expense of exogenous phytohormones found in nutrient medium. Thus,by

using this method, plants can be produced from seed rudiments of seedless

grape cultivars.

The Authors set themselves a task to produce plants from hybrid seed

rudiments obtained as a result of seedless x seedless and seedless x seeded

crossings. Seed rudiments were isolated at different stages of berry

development, sterilized and established in culture on an agarized Nitch

medium (1969). To promote embryo development, growth regulators (GA-

43-0, NAA, IAA and BAP) were applied, GA-43-0 and GA-43-0 + IAA providing

the highest efficiency of the media. After adaptation, the regenerating plants

were grown outdoors in hydroponic canals. The plants obtained started

bearing. Further research is underway.

The Author's research gave rise to the questions whether genetic

seedlessness is originally inherent in embryos of seed rudiments of seedless

cultivars and whether

in vitro

culture affects embryogeny in plants obtained

by this method. Elucidation of these two points will allow the method of

vitro

embryo culture to be used in view of enlarging possibilities of grape

breeding for seedlessness.

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