ЭлБиб

S O M A C L O N A L V A R IA T IO N S O F P L A N T S A N D C U LT U R E D C E L L S

SOMACLONALVARIATIONOFFIAX(LINUM USITATISSIMUML.)

A.V.Poliakov, *I .Rutkowska-Krause

A ll RussianFlax Research Institute (VNIIL), Torzhok, Russia

*Institute o fNaturalFibres (INF), Poznan, Poland

Joint investigations carried out at VNIIL and INF showed that the

cultivation o f tissues and organs

in vitro

leads to powerful changes of flax

inheritance.

Short-term cultivation o f seedling tissues is accompanied by the

increasing o f explants ploidy. The cultivation of hypocotyl, cotyledon and

root segments o f haploid twins during a month allowed to obtaine diploid

(67%), tetraploid (30%) and mixoploid (3%) explants. Tetraploid (67%), diploid

(27%) and m ixoploid (3%) explants were obtained on the basis of initial

diploid tissues.

Long-term cultivation of explants obtained in anther culture of flax

increases the spectrum o f variation. Cultivation o f callus during 3 month

leaded to form o f explants which had diploid (49%), tetraploid (10%),

mixoploid (41%) nature. A fte r6 month o f cultivation 6% of analized explants

consisted o f haploid, 22%-diploid, 24%-tetraploid, 4%-oktaploid and 43%-

m ixoploid cells.

Cultivation o f anthers

in vitro

leads to induction o f point mutations. It

was studied 89 regenetants R2 obtained on the basis o f hybrids F1 parents

o f which differed by color o f petals. The investigations showed that only 49

regenerants (55,1%) originated from microspores but progenies of 23 of them

(25,9%) had untipical single plants with other color o f petals that can indicate

presence o f the mutagenesis.

Long-term cultivation o f flax somatic tissues leads to changes of traits

having a polygenic typ o f heredity. The testing of 61 regenerant allowed to

expose 2 forms o f cv. Torzhoksky 4 the progenies of which during 3-4

generations surpassed the initial cultivar according to number o f balls (till

180%), number of seeds per plant (till 92,4%) and 1 regenerant o f cv. Belinka

which surpassed the initial cultivar according to content o f fibre (till 19,5%).

226

Научная электронная библиотека ЦНСХБ