ЭлБиб

166 / 592

T O T IP O T E N C Y A N D M O R P H O G E N E S IS OF P L A N T C E L L S IN V IT R O
MORPHOGENESIS INANTHERCULTURESOFPOTATO
O.I.Smolyakova, K.Zh.Zharnbakin, I.R.Rakhimbaev
Institute o fPlants Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering Kazakhstan, -180090, Almaty
Timiryazevs t.45; E-Mail:
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is generically an extremely
complex species representing natural autotetraploid, translation it on a
haploid level allows in short term to reach a high degree homozygosis, that
much reduces terms of deducing of grades. The haploid type of a potato are
favorable from the point of view of its disomic heredity, allowing to carry out
crossing of a cultivated potato with wild species Solanum at an identical
level of ploidy. The result of crossing between haploids and tetraploids in
some combinations gave a highly productive grades, as it occurred via
heterosis.
The purpose of the given work was methodical development of reception
of haploid regenerants in anthers culture for further use it in practical breeding
of a potato.
Sterilization of flower buds was carried out in 0,1% AgN03 for 40 min or
in diacid for 5-6 min after 5 s in 70% C2H50H. For planting the anthers with
a size of 2,7-3,4 mm Nitsch’s nutritious medium suplemented with 5 mg/l
BAP, 1 mg/l IAA and 50 g/l sucrose was selected. Given medium was
practically universal for five investigated genotypes of a potato. Thus the
greatest quantity of callus as percentage of cultured anthers was received
for grade Mona-Lisa - 53,2 % and smallest one for grade Nevskiy - 9,1 %.
Results of experiments on optimization of nutritious environment for an
induction callus have shown, that is observed significant genotypical influence
on genesis of callus.
In culture anthers of different species of a potato the regeneration of
plants can go by two ways: direct embriogenesis and through formation of
callus. Occurrence of various types callus are root callus is observed, from
which we did not possible to receive normally developing plants, and
morphogenesis callus from which probably occurrence plantlets or
simultaneously formation plantlets and roots.
Is marked, that callus of a potato keep ability to regeneration in current
of long-duration time (till 8 months). Cloning diploids of a potato was carried
out on modified environment MS with 0,1 mg/l IAA or IBA.
In result of spent experiments regeneration on modified nutritious
environment MS of all investigated grades is received, greatest results to
the given attribute was observed at a grade Dezire. At diploid of plants in
vitro and in vivo was tubers induction of potato. Callus have been induction
in anthers culture of diploids, that will allow to reach hereinafter of haploid
level of a cultural potato.
1 6 6
Научная электронная библиотека ЦНСХБ