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TO T IPO T EN C Y AND M O R PH O G EN E SIS O F PLANT C E L L S IN V IT R O
THEEFFECTSOF2,1-DONSOMATICEMBRYOGENESISINGRAPES
A.O.Marchenko
Institutefor Vine and Wine "Magarach"31, Kirov St., Yalta, 334200, Ukraine,
Phone: +7065 432 6244, E-Mail:
To deal w ith pa rticu la r p ractical problems, media containing
embryogenicaliy inefficient BA levels are sometimes used. In this connection,
the effects of 2,4 D on the ability o f grapes to induction of somatic
embryogenesis were studied based on cvs. "Antei magarachsky" and
"Podarok Magaracha" as well as on 5 somaclones (B3-A1, ВЗ-45, B5-B5,
P1-83, P1-153) of the latter cultivar using different schemes o f callus
subculture. Media with 2,4-D (1-3 mg/l) + BAP (5-10 mg/l) in different
combinations were used.
Medium with 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BAP 10 mg/l proved to be inefficient for all
genotypes studied but could be used at the intermediate stage of somatic
embryogenesis. The obtained results show that in this case embryogenesis
from grapes can be achieved in 2 ways: 1. either using high 2,4-D levels (>1
mg/l) or 2. using medium with 2,4-D 1 mg/l + BAP 10 mg/l at one of the
stage and medium with high 2,4-D level (>1 m/l) at any other. For plants to
be produced, callus could be subcultured: a) from the media with the higher
level of 2,4-D (3 mg/l) to those with the lower level (1 mg/l), and vice versa,
and b) from the media with the higher level of BAP (10 mg/l) to those with the
lower level (5 mg/l) and vice versa. Nevertheless, so free a scheme of callus
subculturing may be practiced only provided an obligatory application of a
high level of 2,4-D (at least 3 mg/l) at one of the subculturing stages. Results
suggest that hormonal regulation of morphogenesis is based on a simple
dynamic mechanism.
When 2,4-D at 3 mg/l was applied, embryogenesis was observed in all
the cultivars and somaclones studied which were cultured on media containing
all the BAP levels tested. This means that the increase in 2,4-D levels in the
callus producing medium provides the way to the development of a universal
technique for the induction of somatic embryogenesis from different grape
genotypes. In this case, the range of embryogenically efficient BAP levels
also increases.
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