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TO T IPO T EN CY AND M O R PH O G EN E SIS O F PLANT C E L L S IN V IT R O
CHANGES IN EMBRYOGENICABILITYOF GRAPE PLANTS PRODUCED
VIASOMATICEMBRYOGENESIS
A.O.Marchenko
Institutefo r Vine and Wine, "Magarach"31, Kirov St., Yalta, 334200, Ukraine,
Phone: + 7065 432 6244, E-Mail:
When 2,4-D is used at the level of 1 mg/l, embryogenic callus derived
from cv. "Podarok Magaracha" was obtained only when medium containing
2 + 0.2 mg/l BAP was used (Marchenko, 1991). When higher levels of2,4-
D (3 mg/l) were used, the range of efficient BAP levels considerably increased
(from 0.5 to 5 mg/l) and somaclones were obtained. These facts can be
used to study the inheritance of the embryogenic capacity in grape cell
cultures and somaclones.
The regularities pertaining to the inheritance of the capability of
embryogenesis in grapevine were studied based on cv. "Podarok Magaracha"
as well as on 6 somaclones of the latter cultivar which were obtained by
employing 2,4-D at 3 mg/l and BAP at 0.5 mg/l (somaclones B3-A1, B3-45),
5 mg/l (somaclones B5-B5, P1-83, P1-153) and 10 mg/l (somaclon B3-A1-
5). Somaclones have been in vitro propagated since 1987 and more than 40
vegetative generations have been obtained. The capability of embryogenesis
fo r these genotypes was tested with 2,4-D at 1 mg/l BAP levels of 0 .5 ,2 ,5
and 10 mg/l.
On the basis of their embryogenic capacity the genotypes can be
classified into five groups: 1. "Podarok Magaracha" which produced somatic
embryos on medium with BAP 2 mg/l; 2. B3-45 and B3-A1 which produced
somatic embryos on medium with BAP 0.5 mg/l; 3. B5-B5, P1-83 and P1-
153 which produced somatic embryos on medium with BAP 5 mg/i and 4.
B3-A1-5 which produced somatic embryos on medium with BAP 10 mg/l.
That was somatic embryogenesis, at least from the selected somaclones,
occurred only at the levels of BA similar to those used to produce the initial
somaclones. This means that "embryogenic capacity on a medium
containing definite cytokinin level" was inherited as a trait.
Think, that the phenomenon of the altered embryogenic capacity can
be used as a basis to achieve control of the somaclonal variation by growth
regulators.
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