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Том XXXX Часть 1
СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ РАБОТ
Sweet chestnut,
Castanea sativa
Mill. and hazelnut,
Corylus
avellana
L. belong
to the order Fagales. That is widespread in the temperate zone of the northern hem-
isphere. The pollination is entomophilous and anemophilous. Pollen of this plants
has small size of each grain, pollen of the genus
Castanea
has been used as a marker
in studies of medium-range and long-range pollen transport. However,
Castanea
pollen has been classified as an allergen by some authors [1], particularly in some
areas or countries, where studies have indicated that a high percentage of the popu-
lation is sensitive to this pollen [5].
The pollen of
Corylus avellana
L. gives allergic reaction at concentrations of 20-
30 grains in m
3
per 24 h [10]. Males’ inflorescences of
Corylus avellana
L. consist
of an average of 240 flowers. The average number of pollen in one inflorescence is
8,736,000 of pollen grains. It has been classified as an allergen. Allergenic diseases
induced by
Castanea
pollen have been reported by various authors [6]. Therefore,
the genera of the Fagaceae and Corylaceae families play a supporting role in induc-
ing pollen allergies in Europe.
Materials and methods
For this study we used samples of pollen grains
Corylus avellana
L. (CA
1
, CA
2
,
CA
3
, CA
4
) and
Castanea sativa
Mill. (CS
1
, CS
2
, CS
3
, CS
4
, CS
5
, CS
6
), collected during
the flowering period fromM.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Kyiv. Pollen
was studied at the Institute of Biodiversity and Biological Safety Slovak Agricul-
tural University in Nitra using an electron microscope ZEISS LS 15. The samples
of pollen grains applied to double-tape, fastened to metal object’s tables with a di-
ameter of 10 mm. Measurement of morphometric parameters were performed on 80
pollen grains of
Corylus avellana
L. and
Castanea sativa
Mill. using the program
AxioVision Rel. 4.8.2.0. The characterization of pollen grains (Figure 1, 2) was
calculated by taking the following parameters: the polar axis (P – line connecting
the proximal and distal pole), the equatorial axis (E – a line perpendicular to the
polar axis and located in the equatorial plane), the diameter of the pores (this round
aperture in which the ratio of length to width is less than two) (Table 1, 2). The form
of pollen grains (elongation factor) was installed by the ratio of the polar axis to the
value of the equatorial diameter (P/E).
Results and discussion
Pollen grains of
Corylus avellana
L. (18 μm x 26 μm) are tripolar with deep
oncusis (lenticular spherical structures, which are unstable to acetolysis and placed
at apertures) in each pore [4]. They are characterized as an angle-aperture [3]:
equatorial apertures and apertures which are located in every corner of the pollen
grain. According to studies of pollen grains hazelnut [2]: the average length of the
diameter is 24.20 μm. Pollen grains of
Corylus avellana
L. are smooth, 3-pored,
grain with a sub-triangular polar view and sub-oblate equatorial view. The surface
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