ЭлБиб

МЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ

ͪКормопроизводствоͫ № 2, 2014

www.kormoproizvodstvo.ru

рабочей силе и энергии, минимальных инвестици-

онных вложениях в оборудование, коротком пе-

риоде до момента восстановления травостоя.

Выбор оптимального посевного оборудования

всегда должен основываться на рассмотрения ком-

плекса факторов:

– конкретных агроклиматических и почвенных

условий посева;

– объёмов ежегодных посевов;

– доступных машин;

– сроков окупаемости приобретаемых посевных

машин, а также эксплуатационных расходов;

– видов семян и их качества.

Результаты испытаний показывают, что нельзя

делать однозначный вывод о преимуществе того

или другого способа посева. При некачественном

травостое и его выбитости на первый план выходят

экономические показатели: затраты на посевной ма-

териал, количество необходимых подсевов, продук-

тивность угодий, межхозяйственные связи.

Литература

1. Дринча В. М., Борисенко И. Б. Зимний посев семян: техноло-

гии и машины. —М.: Агрорус, 2013. — 60 с.

2. Дринча В. М. Подсев семян трав на лугах и пастбищах. //

Кормопроизводство. — 2011. —№ 3. — С.46–48.

3. Ширяев А. М., Беляков Н. Н., Чураков В. В. Разбросная се-

ялка. // Техника в сельском хозяйстве. — 1987. — № 11. —

С.35.

4. Leathy M., Robinson S., Clare S. Pasture production. // Ontario.

Ministry of agriculture and food. — Publication 19. — 2000. —

64 p.

5. Tesar M. B., Marble V. L. Alfalfa Establishment. Alfalfa and Alfalfa

Improvement. —USA, Wisconsin, Madison, 1988. — Р.303–332.

6. Upfold R. A., Wright H. C. Forage production. // Ontario. Minis-

try of agriculture and food. — Publication 30. — 2007. — 28 p.

BROADCAST SOWING METHODS FOR FORAGE LANDS

V. M. Drincha, Dr. Techn. Sc.

Agri-engineering Innovation and Research Center “INAGRO”

109378, Russia, Moscow, F. Poletaeva str., 25-206

I. B. Borisenko, Dr. Techn. Sc.

Volgograd State Agrarian University

400002, Russia, Volgograd, Universitetsky prospekt, 26

E-mail: vdrincha@list

The risk of full or partly reducƟon of sward producƟvity caused by inefficient seeding can be significantly miƟgat-

ed by adequate choice of the method. Good seedlings’ establishment is a necessary requirement for creaƟng pro-

ducƟve perennial grasslands and pastures. To seed the forage lands as well as to overgrass hayfields and grazing

lands various methods of broadcast seeding including the coulter-drilling are widely used. The most frequently

used for broadcast seeding are the rotary broadcast disc seeders. The most cost-effecƟve and robust seeders are

those equipped with computer-aided control and low-power engine gear operaƟng on 12 V on-board tractor or

other mobile power system. The main advantages of the 12V-gear rotary broadcast seeders are their high perfor-

mance, opƟonal combinaƟon with different grassland management operaƟons, and low cost. Broadcast seeders

with the seeding tubes freely placed above the soil surface provide good uniformity of seed distribuƟon across

the sowing width in windy weather as well as in case of different seed density and size. This type of machinery al-

lows precise controlling the seeding depth and firming the soil around them efficiently. The limitaƟon is the lack

of ferƟlizaƟon system, thus simultaneous applicaƟon of phosphorus starter dose is impossible. Therefore using

these seeders is ineffecƟve on the low-phosphorus soils. This type of seeders compared to rotary broadcast ones

is more expensive and less efficient. Surface broadcast seeding has several potenƟal advantages compared to the

tradiƟonal methods using coulter drills. They are the possibility of direct sowing into intact sod, lower labour and

energy costs, minimal investments into machinery, and short period of sward recover. Choosing the opƟmal seed-

ing equipment should always consider a complex of factors.

Keywords:

sowing, forage lands, seeder, seeding rates, producƟvity.

References

1. Drincha V.M., Borisenko I. B. Zimniy posev semyan: tekhnologii

i mashiny. —Moscow: Agrorus, 2013. — 60 p.

2. Drincha V.M. Podsev semyan trav na lugakh i pastbishchakh. //

Kormoproizvodstvo. — 2011. — No. 3. — P. 46–48.

3. Shiryaev A.M., Belyakov N. N., Churakov V.V. Razbrosnaya sey-

alka. // Tekhnika v sel’skom khozyaystve. — 1987. —No. 11. —

P.35.