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. Sudy sites and populations of the gentians
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28-
Fig. 1. Sudy sites and investigated populations of
Gentiana
species with “bell” shaped flowers visited actively
hy bumblebees:
a
- Vitosha Mts., North slopes - 1900 m -
Gentiana lutea
L. subsp,
symphyandra
(Murb.) Hayek and G.
punctata
L.;
North and North West slopes 1300-1900
m
G, asclepiadea
L.;
b
-
Vitosha Mis. South slope 1000
m
-
Gentiana cruciata
L.;
c
-
Ri)a Mts ~ 2000 m
-
Gentiana pyrenaica
L:; rf—Pirin Mts - 2000 m
-
Gentiana
pyrenaica
L.; e- Western Stara Planina Mts. 1450 m -
Gentiana pneumonanthe
L.; / - Mt. Ljufin at 1000 m -*
Gentiana pneumonanthe
L:
Bumblebees foraging in the flowers o f gentians with pollen in their baskets were
collected separately in individual tubes to avoid pollen contamination. Most o f the
bumblebees were narcotized with ethyl acetate and after extraction o f their pollen loads
released again (according to Heinrich, 1976, 1979). The pollen loads were analyzed.
Pollen identification and counting (at least 200 pollen grains after Louveaux et al, 1978)
were conducted under light microscope “Nikon” at magnification X 320 and X 800.
In this study are used the terms “majors” - primary foraging specialities of the
individual bumblebees, and “minors”™secondary specialities (Hei nri ch 1976 a, 1976
b
,
1979).
Foraging resources
The plant species flowering simultaneously with
Gentiana
species were recorded
in order to obtain an idea for the foraging resources (Tables 2-6). The term “blossom” is
accepted in this study. It refers both individual flowers and compact inflorescences (e. g.
capitulum o f Asteraceae and Dipsaceae assuming that such inflorescences function as
single flower, see Faegri & van der Pijl 1971), According to their blossom morphology
31
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