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C E L L CU LTUR E FO R PRODUCING PLANTS R E SISTA N T TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC
FACTORS
USINGOFCELLTECHNOLOGIES INWHEATANDBARLEYBREEDING
FORTOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSES
В.Sh.Alimgazinova
KazakhInstitute o fAgriculture, Almalybak, Almaty region
Relaxation o f stress influences on plant organisms acquired especial
significance. The breeding of agricultural craps which toleranted to drought
and salt stresses is actuality in Kazakhstan stipulated by features its climatic
conditions.
Cell technologies in combination with the traditional mothers of breeding
essential enrich the arsenal o f breeder. Such directions as embryoculture,
haploid technique, sell selec-tion inculcate in breeding process successfully.
The method of embryoculture facilitates the solution o f problem of
postgam ic incom-patibility in remout hybridization. The conditions fo r
germination of 16-18-d-olds we at hy-brid embryoids in crossing o f perspective
varieties and lines o f Kazakhstan breeding with
T.timopheevii, T.dicoccum,
T.zhukovskii
were selected. The frequency o f morphogenetic structures
formation and regeneration varied depending on origin o f hybrid combination.
Using of "bylbosum" technique doubled Haploid (DH) lines o f spring
barley, which combinated the high productivity, good technological qualities
and drought tolerance were obtained. DH lines are in the breeding screening
in different nurseries of barley breeding department.
It was shown that the possibility of drought tolerance tines o f barley by
adaptation ability o f calli tissues for osmotic stress
in vitro.
The content free
proline may be used as a biochemical inden fo r osmotic tolerance o f
genotypes on cellular level.
Thus practical using of cell cultures by creation of initial forms to tolerance
to stress factors showed their perspectivity and advantages in breeding
programs.
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