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TO T IPO T EN C Y AND M O R PH O S E N E S IS O F PLANT C E L L S IN
V IT R O
PHYSIOLOGY-BIOCHEMICALANDBIOTECHNOLOGICALASPECTSOF
CULTIVATEDCELLSOFWHEATANDMAIZE
M.K.Karabaev, J.T.Lesova, N.S.Polimbetova, S.Omimlieh, B.K.Kaniev
Aitkhozhin Institute ofMolecularBiology andBiochemistry,
National Centre ofBiotechnology, Almaty, Kazakstan.
This work describes how to overcome various difficulties associated
with culturing wheat and maize cells in the following stages: (a) production
of embryogenic calluses using explants of different origin; (b) stimulation of
the development of plants regenerated from long-term cultured calluses; (c)
production of suspension cultures enriched in embryogenic cells with a high
regeneration capacity; (d) regeneration of plants from isolated protoplasts;
(e) genetic transformation and (f) selection of stress-tolerant ceils in
conventional conditions and during space flights.
Effective approaches to the basic and applied scientific tasks of plant
regeneration from cultivated cells and protoplasts o f wheat and maize,
photosynthesis, molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis, of space biology
and biotechnology (growth and development of cells and organisms during
space flight), cell selection fo rstress resistance in conventional conditions
and in space, transgenesis and foreign gene expression in transgenic cereals,
which were provided by the cell cultivation techniques, have been indicated.
In addition, a number of biotechnological solutions have been proposed
fo rwheat and maize, exempli causa: a) reproduction of somaclonal plants
from suspension cell culture and by means of dividing protoplasts; b) wheat
cell selection for their resistance to septoryosis; c) a reproducible and efficient
genetic transformation systems fo r wheat and maize based on (1) direct
DNA uptake into embryogenic protoplasts and (2) silicon carbide
fibermediated DNA delivery into cells of mature embryos.
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