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INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL № 2 (362) / 2018
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SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
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Об авторах:
Савич Виталий Игоревич, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор кафедры почвоведения, геологии и ландшафтоведения,
ORCID:
Черников Владимир Александрович, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор кафедры экологии, ORCID:
Садуакасов НуралыМустафиевич, аспирант кафедры почвоведения, геологии и ландшафтоведения, ORCID: ,
Гукалов Виктор Владимирович, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ORCID:
AGRO ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOIL SALINITY CHANGES IN SPACE AND TIME
V.I. Savich1, V.A. Chernikov1, N.M Saduakasov1, V.V. Gukalov2
1Russian state agrarian university —Moscow Timiryazev agricultural academy, Moscow, Russia
2North-Caucasian zonal experimental station of poultry breeding, village Obilnoe, Stavropol Krai, Russia
It has been shown that the permissible soil salinity indicators vary for different components of the landscape: soils, plants, water in this paper. They depend on the
hydrothermal condiƟons of the territory and change for individual geomorphological territories, microrelief, seasonal and long-term dynamics. It is shown that the
salt composiƟon of soil soluƟons varies regularly from humidity and temperature, the content of carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane in soil soluƟons, their pH and Eh
environment, complexing ability. For a more correct evaluaƟon of soil salinity, it is necessary to determine the kineƟcs of their transiƟon from soil to soluƟon, the
deposiƟon capacity with respect to them, the content of posiƟvely and negaƟvely charged complex compounds, associates. It is proposed to esƟmate the degree of
salinity of soils by changing plant associaƟons, taking into account the inducƟve effect of salts absorbed by the soil, the effects of synergism and antagonism when
they are absorbed by the soil-plant system, depending on the combinaƟon of soil properƟes. The singulariƟes of soil salinizaƟon in Syria, Vietnam, India, Uzbekistan,
and Kazakhstan are esƟmated. The studies show a regular change in salinity with alƟtude: from the coastal plains of Dagestan to the piedmont plains, from chloride to
sulfate. It has been established that magnesium, chlorine, sodium and sulfate ions are more concentrated in the elevated areas of the microrelief. It is shown that the
type of salinity changes during the growing season. The content and composiƟon of the salts in the water extracts depended on the microrelief of the surface. For the
chestnut saline soils of Dagestan, the Cl/SO4 raƟo — the Polynov-Filosofov coefficient — was 2.7 Ɵmes higher in soils on pods than in the rises. In the soils on micro-
hills, the coefficient in quesƟon increased. According to the data obtained, the maximum permissible concentraƟons of salts depended on the ferƟlity of soils and the
introducƟon of biophilic elements into the soil. So, on the acid sulphate soils of Vietnam, the addiƟon of KNO3 and organic maƩer increased the photosyntheƟc acƟvity
of the plants being grown 1.2-2 Ɵmes. The calculaƟon of the required composiƟon of the blending of irrigaƟon water from river, rain and sea water, the calculaƟon of
the interacƟon of water with soil, made it possible in the field condiƟons on acid saline soils in Vietnam to get rice yield of 70 centners/ha.
Keywords: salinity of soils, salinity, process kineƟcs, interrelaƟon between soil properƟes, soil irrigaƟon.
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About the authors:
Vitaliy I. Savich, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor of the department of soil science, geology and landscape studies,
ORCID:
Vladimir A. Chernikov, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor of the department of ecology, ORCID:
Nuraly M. Saduakasov, graduate student of the department of soil science, geology and landscape studies, ORCID: ,
Viktor V. Gukalov, candidate of agricultural sciences, ORCID:
Электронная Научная СельскоХозяйственная Библиотека