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Evahmtion of

Sesame

Linc/rultivars for Resistance Against Charcoal Rot

{Mucrophomina

phaseoUna

(Tassi) Goid.)

Behzat BARAN1and Sener KURT2

1Plant Protection Research Institute, Diyarbakir. TURKEY,

.... fv.

2pept. of Plant Prelection, Faculty

Agriculture. University of Mustaln Kemal. 31034, Hatay, TURKEY

ABSTRACT

In evaluations o f the resistance o f sesame to

M.phaseoUna,

146 sesame liries/cultlvars provided

from Izmir, Menemen Plant Genetics Resources Research Institute, Aegean and Mediterranean

Agricultural Research Institute were screened for resistance to charcoal rot in the field under natural

infection conditions and in the'greenhouse with artificial inoculation in Diyarbakir and §anhurfa,

Southeastern Anatolia Region o f Turkey. The fungus was originally isolated from diseased sesame

plants. Oat-kernel was added directly to podding anf field soils. The experiment was arranged in a

randomized complete block design with four replications. Inoculated plants were rated on a scale o f

0-4. O f the 147 line/ cultivars tested, 23 were found to tie resistant to charcoal rot, 35 were

moderately resistant, the rest were rejected as susceptible or highly susceptible. Experiments were

carried out during 1998 and 1999 at both seedling and flowering-pod stages’ ’

INTRODUCTION

Sesame

(Sesamum indicum

L.) is an economical oil crop which is grown for human nutrition

as well as oil for food and several industries such as cosmetics, lubricant, pain, soap and so on. The

sesame production o f Turkey is 80 000 hectares About 54.9% o f this area is grown in the

Southeastern Anatolia Region (Anonymous, 1999).;

r ;

Charcoal rot of sesame, caused by the fungus

(hiacrophomina phaseoiina

(Tassi) Goid., is one

o f the major diseases spreading throughout sesame growing areas o f the Southeastern Anatolia

Region, Turkey Prevalence o f the disease was found to be 96.06% at the seedling and flowering-

pod stage in sesame growing areas in the region (iGOrkan, 1995). The disease may attack plants,

especially under drought conditions. Sesame plants infected with causal agent exhibit a brown lesion

on the root or stem together with a discoloration on the leaves, followed by the plant eventually

wilting and finally die at the mature pod stage (Sanaomung and Strithorn, 1996). Numerous small

gray black sclerotia are found along the vascular elements and bordering the pith cavity. Affected

plants are stunted and ripen prematurely (Smith et al. 1988) Control o f charcoal rot is best achieved

by seed treatment with fungicides such as benomyl; bcnomyl+thiram, crop rotation and use of

resistant cultivars (Patel and Patel, 1990; Atae et a f 1995).

v> / The main objective o f this study was to evaluate reactions o f some sesame line/cultivars to

charcoal rot in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey,

•

MATERIALS AND METHODS

isolation from infected plant tissue.

Plant pieces taken from root and stem tissues were

surface-sterilized in a 0.5%NaOCL solution for 1-3 min and dried between sterile filter paper.

Disinfested tissues o f stem and root were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with

50pg/ml strepiomyeme sulfate The culture plates were incubated at 32-34°C for 4-6 days. Mycelial

colonies o f the fungus were maintained by transfering to 13xl00-mm test tubes containing 2-ml

slants o f PDA.

;

Reactions of sesame Unecultivars to charcoal rot

. During 1998-1999 147 sesame line/

cultivars provided from Izmir, Menemen Plant Genetics Resources Research Institute, Aegean and

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