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INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL № 1 (361) / 2018
42
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Литература
1. Сычев В.Г. Лунев М.И., Орлов М.М., Белоус Н.М.
Чернобыль: радиационный мониторинг сельско-
хозяйственных угодий и агрохимические аспекты
снижения последствий радиоактивного загрязнения
почв. М.: ВНИИА, 2016. 183 с.
2. Государственный доклад «О состоянии окру-
жающей природной среды Российской Федерации в
1993 году». Утв. Постановл. Прав. РФ от 24.01.1993 г.
№ 53. С. 64-69.
3. Атлас современных и прогнозных аспектов
последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС на по-
страдавших территориях России и Беларуси (АСПА
Россия-Беларусь) / Под ред. Ю.А. Израэля и И.М. Бог-
девича. Москва — Минск: Фонд «Инфосфера» — НИА-
Природа, 2009. 140 с.
4. Данные по радиоактивному загрязнению тер-
ритории населенных пунктов Российской Федерации
137Cs, 90Sr, 239+240Pu / Под ред. С.М. Вакуловского. Об-
нинск, ФГБУ «НПО «Тайфун», 2015. 225 с.
5. Источники и действие ионизирующей радиа-
ции. Научный комитет Организации Объединенных
наций по действию атомной радиации. Доклад за
1977 год Генеральной Ассамблее с приложениями.
Т. 1. Нью-Йорк, 1978. С. 89.
6. Орлов П.М., Лунев М.И., Сычев В.Г. Радиацион-
ный мониторинг сельскохозяйственных угодий Рос-
сийской Федерации. М.: ВНИИА. 2015. С. 175.
7. Коваленко Г.Д. Радиоэкология Украины: моно-
графия. Харьков: Инжек, 2008. 264 с.
Об авторах:
Орлов Павел Михайлович, кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории сельскохозяйственной токсикологии,
ORCID: ,
Гладышева Ольга Викторовна, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, директор,
Лунев Михаил Иванович, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией сельскохозяйственной токсикологии,
Аканова Наталья Ивановна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории агрохимии органических и известковых удобрений,
ORCID: ,
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC
AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN THE SOILS
OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT ON THE INTENSITY OF APPLICATION
OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND CHEMICAL AMELIORANTS
P.M. Orlov1, O.V. Gladysheva2, M.I. Lunev1, N.I. Akanova1
1All-Russian research institute of agrochemistry name D.N. Pryanishnikova, Moscow, Russia
2Ryazan research institute of agriculture, s. Podvyaz, Ryazan oblast, Russia
The Results of polluƟon by long-lived technogenic 137Cs, 90Sr and natural 40K, 226Ra, 232Th radionuclides of agricultural land soils in the Central Federal District (CFD) are
presented. Subjects of the Central Federal District are divided into 3 groups by degree of soil polluƟon by 137Cs. First group included soils of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula
and Orel regions, which are intensively contaminated with the Chernobyl fallouts. There is a strong unevenness in 37Cs contaminaƟon of soils in these areas on the
district level. The most polluted areas in the Bryansk region are Novozybkovsky (the standard density range polluƟon of 6.5-14.7 Ci/km2), Krasnogorsky (<16.9 Ci/km2),
Zlíkovsky (5.4-14.8 Ci/km2) and Gordeevsky (3.3-10.5 Ci/km2). On contaminated soils in the Bryansk region there is a risks of obtaining agricultural products contami-
nated above standard of “Sanitary rules and regulaƟons” 2.3.4.1078-01 (very high). In three districts of the Kaluga region, soil polluƟon in 1 Ci/km2 has been exceeded.
The highest average polluƟon level (2.7 Ci/km2) was recorded in the Ulyanovsk region. In the Plavsky district of the Tula region, the average soil contaminaƟon level
is 3 Ci/km2. PolluƟon of soils by 137Cs in the areas of the second group (Kursk, Ryazan, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Tambov, Smolensk) shows that in most areas there
is no problem of radioacƟve contaminaƟon of soils and agricultural products. InvesƟgaƟon of the polluƟon dynamics of 90Sr of the first and second groups of regions
did not reveal polluƟon of soils and risks of producƟon of agricultural products polluted with this isotope above the “Sanitary rules and regulaƟons” norm 2.3.4.1078-
01. The only excepƟon is soil contaminated territories of Zlykovskiy and Krasnogorsky districts of the Bryansk region, where the average soil contaminaƟon level of
90Sr exceeds 0.3 Ci/km2. The third group includes Vladimirskaya, Ivanovskaya, Kostromskaya, Moscow, Tver and Yaroslavl regions. It was not exposed to radioacƟve
contaminaƟon, or the impact of the Chernobyl accident was insignificant and did not affect the staƟsƟcal indicators of soil polluƟon levels. It was revealed that the
moderate content of natural radionuclides in the soil is characterisƟc for the subjects of the CFD. The average content of 226Ra is 23 Bq/kg, 232Th — 31 Bq/kg. The content
of natural radionuclides is within the intervals of the typical content of natural radionuclides in soils of Russia and the world. Long-term applicaƟon (within 25 years)
of mineral ferƟlizers and meliorants (liming) to reduce 137Cs and 90Sr from soil to plants did not lead to a significant increase in the content of natural radionuclides
(226Ra and232Th) in the soil.
Keywords: soil, radiaƟon monitoring, soil polluƟon, agricultural land, Chernobyl accident, reference sites, natural and technogenic radionuclides, mineral ferƟlizers, liming
of soils, agricultural crops.
References
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About the authors:
Pavel M. Orlov, candidate of chemical sciences, senior researcher of the laboratory of agricultural toxicology,
ORCID: ,
Olga V. Gladysheva, candidate of agricultural sciences, director,
Mikhail I. Lunev, doctor of biological sciences, head of the laboratory of agricultural toxicology,
Natalia I. Akanova, doctor of biological sciences, professor, chief researcher of the laboratory of agrochemistry and organic lime fertilizer,
ORCID: ,
Электронная Научная СельскоХозяйственная Библиотека