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ГЕНЕТИКА, БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО
ͪКормопроизводствоͫ № 12, 2017
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PHYTOCENOTIC FORAGE PLANT BREEDING: BACKGROUND AND SOME RESULTS
V. M. Kosolapov 1, academician of Russian Academy of Science
Yu. M. Piskovatskiy1, Dr. Agr. Sc.
E. Z. Shamsutdinova1, PhD Agr. Sc.
Z. Sh. Shamsutdinov1, Dr. Biol. Sc.
Yu. B. Kaminov2, PhD Agr. Sc.
G. K. Kenzhegaliev3, PhD Agr. Sc.
1Department of Alfalfa Breeding and Primary Seed Production, department of Arid Forage Crops,
The All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute RAS
141055, Russia, the Moscow region, Lobnya, Science Town, 1
2Kalmyk State University n. a. B. B. Gorodovikov
358000, Russia, the Republic of Kalmykia, Elista, Pushkina str., 11
3Department of Grassland Cultivation and Improvement, Kazakh Research Institute of Animal and Fodder Production
050035, the Republic of Kazakstan, Almaty, Zhandosova str., 51
E-mail:
PhytocenoƟc forage plant breeding is of great importance for agriculture. The research determined main principles of phytocenoƟc
plant breeding as fundamental aspect in the fodder crop selecƟon strategy. It is aimed at breeding promising varieƟes, having valu-
able traits for stable producƟvity and longevity, in high-producƟve forage grass mixtures. Alfalfa (Medicago L.) and prostrate sum-
mer cypress (Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.) performed as objects of study. Breeding scheme for alfalfa varieƟes included the follow-
ing variants: 1) alfalfa monoculture; 2) mixture of alfalfa and gramineous for hay producƟon; 3) alfalfa mixtures for grazing. To devel-
op stable compeƟƟve selecƟve material field trial was designed as: 1) prostrate summer cypress — monoculture; 2) prostrate sum-
mer cypress (50 %) + Camphorosma lessingii (30 %) + Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (25 %) + bulbous bluegrass (5 %). Alfalfa varieƟes
(“Sonata”, “Lugovaya 67”, “Selena” and “Pastbishchnaya 68”), bred phytocenoƟcally, had raƟo of 61 % for the 4th year, while stan-
dard variety — 26 %. Obtained varieƟes exceeded standard variety “Vega 87” by 20.5–25.0 % in dry maƩer producƟvity. ProducƟv-
ity of the prostrate summer cypress mixture varied within 1.73–2.30 t DM ha-1 among the years, while the one of prostrate summer
cypress monoculture — within 1.05–1.75 t ha-1 .
Keywords: phytocenology, plant breeding, alfalfa, prostrate summer cypress.
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