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Table 1.
Average numbers of pollen grains, ovules and РЮ ratios
Taxa
Number
of pollen
grains
(P)
mean
Pollen
grains
STD
Number
of ovules
(O)
mean
Ovules
STD
P:0 ratio
min
P:0 ratio
max
P:0 ratio
mean
PrO ratio
STD
Gentiana
lutea
1589099 445309 121
11
9471.0 21623.6 13147.1 3438.0
Gentiana
punctata
625454 142043 316
38
1373.6 2801.5 2026.3 877.4
Gentiana
asclepiadea
1370832 317074 322
14
3322.0 6309.7 4262.2 988.4
Gentiana
pyrenaica
71628 33062 116
37
169.8 1184.2 639.8 301.3
Gentiana
vema
113753 30499 398
61
176.2 537.8 293.1 97.4
Gentiana
utriculosa
62569 17867 291
25
65.1 318.5 214.9 54.9
Gentianella
bulgarica
19579
3962 35
5
299.1 807.7 566.1 135.3
Centaurium
erythraea
60057 10458 284
41
119.7 319.8 217.7 56.4
Swertia
perennis
216036 55894 39
9
3377.5 9888.9 5790.3 2178.3
of obligate xenogamy (Tables land 3, Fig. 3). According to the results from
direct methos presented in Tables 3 and 4 there is no spontaneous pollination.
( К о ж у х а р о в а , 1994; K o z u h a r o v a , 1994; K o z u h a r o v a e t al., 1994;
K o z u h a r o v a , 1998). The hand-selfed test failed (with paper bags destroyed
by larvae developing in the ovaries and penetrating eventually through the
stem).
The P :0 ratio values for the investigated flowers of
Gentiana asclepiadea
reveal obligate xenogamy (Tables 1 and 3, Fig. 4). According to the results
from direct methos presented in Tables 3 and 4 there is no spontaneous
pollination. However there is self-compatinbility with potential probability for
geitonogamy. The autogamy rate decreases with the age of the flower which
is explained with the decrease of the pollen viability ( К о ж у х а р о в а , 1994;
K o z u h a r o v a , 1994; K o z u h a r o v a , 1998; K o z u h a r o v a , 2004).
The P :0 ratio values of the investigated flowers of
Gentiana pyrenaica
vary
between the maximum correlated by Dafni (1992) to facultative autogamy and
the minimum correlated to facultative xenogamy (Tables 1 and 3, Fig. 5). The
exclusion test failed (with paper bags destroyed by horses and turists). There
is a hypothetical possibility for spontaneous self-pollination as 39 % of the
flowers (n = 69) of the investigated populations in the mountains of SW
Bulgaria have anthers and stigmas at one and the same level. In these populations
26
% (n
= 140) of the free pollinated flowers do not set fruits. This indicates
that the spontaneous self-pollination even though possible is not the main
31
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