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ANNUAL OF SOFIA UNIVERSITY „ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI"
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
Book 2 - Botany
Volume 97, 2005
ANNUAIRE DE L’UNIVERSITE DE SOFIA „KLIMENT OHRIDSKI"
FACULTE DE BIOLOGIE
Livre 2 - Botanique
Tome 97, 2005
BREEDING SYSTEMS OF SOME GENTIANACEAE
MEMBERS PRESENTED IN BULGARIAN FLORA -
ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
EKATERINA K. KOZUHAROVA1, MARIANA E. HADZIEVA2
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Department of Pharmacognosy
and Botany, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia; e-mail:
2 153 High School „Neofit Rilski", 2 Narodni buditeli str, Svoboda, 1231 Sofia
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the breeding systems of 6 species Gentiana
namely G. lutea ssp. symphiandra (Murb.) H a y ek , G. punctata L., G. asclepiadea L., G.
pyrenaica L., G. verna L., G. utriculosa L.; Gentianella bulgarica (V e le n .) H olub , Swertia
perrenis L., Centaurium erythraea Rafn, applying P:0 ratio method. The results are compared to
the breeding systems data of the same taxa obtained by using exclusion techniques, and hand-
pollination in the field as well as literature data.
Key words: breeding systems, Gentianaceae, autogamous, xenogamous, pollen - ovule ratio.
Unlike animals plants do not behave, they can not choose their mate.
Despite of that plants have an even more diverse armory of methods by which
breeding systems manipulate and control the genetic structure of populations,
and patterns of evolution, than animals have. Plant breeding systems are under
genetic control and can themselves be selected for ( R i c h a r d s , 1990, 1996).
Plants reproduce sexually - as a result of cross fertilization or self-fertilization
produce seeds. In addition plants reproduce asexually - vegetative reproduction
or agamospermy - (seeds without sex) - thus the new individual is genetically
identical to the mother. These two main reproductive mechanisms often occur
together with different range of domination (R a v e n et al., 1981; R i c h a r d s ,
1990, 1996).
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