ЭлБиб

SUMMARY

A. V. A n d г e у e v. „Improved and tame pastures in the Southern regions'*.

The book summarizes results of the investigations carried out by the author

and coworkers in the period of 1949—1973 as well as those of a number of re

search institutions and of advanced practice in the field of establishment

and rational utilization of improved and tame long-term (over 5—7 years),

short-term (under 5—7 years) and annual pastures in the new regions,

i. e., the steppe-forest, steppe, and dry-steppe zones of European Russia.

The two directly opposing methods of grass utilization are compared:

by grazing, or pasturage utilization, and by feeding after cutting, or stall

(or trough) utilization, the advantages and shortcomings of each method

are shown. The author recommends to combine two methods for annual plants

and perennial upper cauline — leaved grasses (grazing young stands and cutting

for trough utilzation of overgrown ones). Pasturing of livestock has been

found superior to summer feeding in stalls and recommended both for ordinary

farms and big farms and industrial complexes.

With increasing duration of pasturing period from the forest-steppe zone

(145—180 days) to dry-steppe zone (160—200 days) ever greater importance

is attached to pasture maintenance of livestock. Rainfall drop in the same direction

necessitates irrigation of improved and tame pastures.

Improved and tame pastures under proper management and utilization

provide cheap and high-quality forage, and their productivity in some cases

is even higher than that of other forage crops grown under similar conditions.

Natural stands, annual and perennial plants sown on completely degraded natural

pastures, and grazed down arable lands, all may be classed as improved and

tame pastures. Such pastures cut down water and air erosion and restore soil

fertility. Improved and tame pastures are a radical means towards animal rejuvi-

nation, increased production of animal produce and lowering its cost.

Different types of improved and tame pastures have been tried over zones

and in the steppe zone priority of short-term and annual pastures even under

irrigation has been established. While improving natural stands in the Southern

regions it is advisable to change the old vegetation by the new, sown one.

Simple mixed stands (2—4 species) including alfalfa and some upper cauline-

leaved grasses should be used. When irrigation is not practiced inclusion of lower

cauline-leaved grasses and white clover is not justified. In the steppe regions

under irrigation perennial ryegrass and white clover should not be used in mixed

stands because of their rapid growth and depressing effect on highly productive

alfalfa and upper cauline-leaved mesophytic grasses.

Productivity rates of fertilized annual, short-term and long-term pastures,

either with irrigation or without, have been developed by zootechnical method

of calculation. Productivity varies from 2000—>2500 Soviet feed units per hectare

-on non-irrigated upland in the forest-steppe zone to 8000—9000 units on well-

drained high-water beds under irrigation in the steppe zone.

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