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17

40 т/га перед посевом трав и 20 т/га ежегодно повысило урожайность пастбища на 75%, на 1 тонну

получено 102 кг сухого вещества, 1122 МДж ОЭ. В статье приведены данные по влиянию органи-

ческих удобрений на содержание гумуса и энергетический потенциал почвенного плодородия.

Ключевые слова:

пастбища; агрофитоценозы; органические удобрения; средообразующая роль;

валовая и обменная энергия; качество корма

Pasture productivity, energy and protein value of feed is determined by the supplying of agrophytocenoses

with nutriment elements. Because of low soil fertility of natural dry lands it is almost impossible to

provide the grasslands by necessary nutrients through the soil and to obtain the heavy yield. The targeted

productivity and economic opportunities are influence on selection the system and doses of fertilizers.

The system of mineral fertilizer is universal, but its application is limited by a deficiency of artificial

manure. Organic system is the basis of technogenic-organic approach of meadow fodder production

in farms, which have possibility to produce, store and apply manure and composts in the hayfields and

pastures. The results of long-term experiments on study the effect of organic fertilizers on feed quality

and grasses yield are presented in this article. We investigated the influence of fertilizers for quality of

feed and grasses yields on pastures with different floristic composition, on environmental role of meadow

agrophytocenosis, the gross energy production on pasture agro-ecosystems. The use of manure, especially

in combination with mineral fertilizers, has increased the content of crude protein, fat, sometimes

potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, etc., that is very important for forage quality in accordance

with zootechnical norms of cattle feeding. On the average during 1976-2013 years manure application at

long-term pasture, in doses of 10 t/ha and every 4 years of 20 t/ha, has influenced on increase the yield by

50 and 70%, additionally 450 and 330 kg of dry matter or 4581 and 336 MJ of metabolizable energy per 1

ton have been obtained. On the upland pasture with gramineous agrophytocenosis manure application in

the dose of 80 t/ha before grass sowing has increased the yield by 29%, 118 kg of dry matter per 1 tone has

been obtained additionally or 1292 MJ of metabolizable energy. However the positive effect of manure

application on yield of grasses was observed only in the first 5 years. Manure in dose of 40 t/ha before

sowing of grasses and 20 t/ha annually has increased pastures productivity to 75%, 102 kg dry matter per

1 ton and 1122MJ of metabolizable energy has been obtained. The data on organic fertilizers influence on

humus content and the energy potential of soil fertility have been presented in the study.

Key words:

pastures; agrophytocenosis; organic fertilizers; environmental role; gross and metabolizable

energy; feed quality

Введение

Высокая эффективность содержания молоч-

ного скота на культурных пастбищах общеприз-

нанна [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Продуктивность пастбищ,

энергетическая и протеиновая питательность кор-

ма зависят от уровня обеспеченности травосто-

ев элементами питания. Выбор системы и дозы

удобрений определяется не только планируемой

продуктивностью пастбищ, но и хозяйственно-

экономическими условиями. Минеральная систе-

ма удобрения злаковых травостоев часто более до-

ступна и универсальна, но требует значительных

материальных затрат на приобретение удобрений;

органическая система является основой техноген-

но-органической формы лугового кормопроиз-

водства хозяйств, располагающих возможностью

накопления и производства навоза, компоста и

применения их на лугах [6].

Изучение влияния органических удобре-

ний, в частности, навоза на урожайность, ка-

чество корма и средообразующую роль аг-

рофитоценозов

разного

флористического

Электронная Научная СельскоХозяйственная Библиотека