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Брянской, Калужской, Орловской, Тульской, Рязанской, Липецкой, Тамбовской, Пензенской об-
ластей, южные районы Нижегородской и Московской областей, а также республик Мордовии и
Марий Эл. Существенную роль в решении задач стабилизации и повышения урожайности играет
селекция и освоение в производстве сортов с различной скороспелостью. Для устойчивого про-
изводства семян клевера лугового необходимо в структуре семенных посевов увеличить долю
средне- и раннеспелых сортов до 20 и 30-40 %. Определены основные направления развития се-
меноводства клевера разных видов с целью полного обеспечения семенами отрасли кормопроиз-
водства.
Ключевые слова:
клевер; травосеяние; семеноводство; урожайность; валовые сборы семян;
агроэкологическое районирование; технология производства
The historical aspects and the current state of clover-sowing in Russia are represented in this study. The
prospects of seed multiplication development have been pointed for the crop species, such as red clover,
white clover and hybrid clover. At present the agricultural farms manufacture the main amount of red
clover seeds for their own needs. Seed marketability was decreased from 45 to 8-10 %. At the same time
not less than 4 million hectares of clover grass mixtures at arable lands and more than 1.5 million hectares
to update the grass stands every year is required for providing the cattle stock by the complete feeds. For
creation and improvement themeadows and pastures it is necessary to have about 12.5 thousand tons of red
clover seeds and 2.5 thousand tons of white and hybrid clovers. The requirement of fodder production now
is about 18 thousand tons of different clover species seeds, including 15 thousand tons of red clover, 1.8 –
hybrid and 0.75 – white clover seeds. For the future the requirements in seeds will increase to 24 thousand
tons. Stabilization and rise of seed productivity supposes the rational disposition of seed sowings in the
most favorable regions for clover cultivation and application of the advanced technologies of production,
including usage of resources- and energy-saving agro-techniques. Introduction of effective technologies
allows formation of high-productive clover grass stands and provides decline in seed losses at harvesting to
10-20%of biological yielding. On the base of red clover yield seeds the regions for effective commercial seed
multiplication have been identified, depending on the soil-climatic conditions at cultivation. Bioclimatic
conditions of Bryansk, Kaluga, Oryol, Tula, Ryazan, Lipetsk, Tambov, Penza regions, south of Nizhniy
NovgorodandMoscowregions aswell asMordoviaandMari republics are themost favorable for commercial
seedmultiplicationof redclover. Breedinganddevelopment of varietieswithdifferent seedmaturingdateare
the significant factors for stabilization and increasing of clover yielding ability. For sustainable production
of red clover seeds it’s necessary to increase the share of early-ripening and medium-ripening cultivars, in
the structure of seed sowings, to 20 and 30-40 % accordingly. The main directions of seed multiplication
development for different clover species were determined for providing the needs of fodder production.
Keywords:
clover; grass-sowing; seedmultiplication; yielding ability; total seeds gathering; agro-ecological
zoning; technology of production
В решении проблемы производства энергона-
сыщенных высокобелковых объемистых кормов,
биологизации земледелия в лесной и лесостеп-
ной зонах европейской территории России, в та-
ежной и подтаежной зонах Западной Сибири и
на Дальнем Востоке важная роль принадлежит
разным видам клевера: луговому, гибридному и
ползучему. В 1 кг сухого вещества клевера лугово-
го содержится до 10,5-11,0МДж обменной энергии
и до 17-20 % сырого протеина. Продуктивность
Электронная Научная СельскоХозяйственная Библиотека