ЭлБиб

RESULTS OF TRIALS WITH INTENSIVE APPLE

ORCHARD CONSISTING NEW CULTIVARS AND

DWARFED ROOTSTOCKS

Aloj/л Czynczyk

Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Poland

In Poland the great majority of fruits are grown in small family

orchards. About 92% of the cultivated land is in private farms

and

8° о

is state owned farms. Out of 260.000 ha of orchards, only

20.000 ha are the govennent farms. The average size of private farms

varies from 3 to 40 ha.

In the years 1993*1994 about 7 min. fruit trees were produced.

There was 50° оof apples trees, 20% tart cherries, 11% sweet cherries,

9% plums and 7° о pears. In the apple tree production trees grafted

on M 26 have 55° o, on M 7 and MM 106 - 13%, M 9 - 16% and

polish rootstocks: P 22, P 60, No 59, P 2, P 14 and P 16 have 14°

Small trees we obtain also by high budding on semidwarf

rootstocks M 26 and P 14, 20-30 cm from the ground level. Jonagold

is presently the leading cultivar in new orchard together with its red

inutans: Jonagored and Jonica (35%), next is Szainpion (13%),

Idared (9%), Lobo (7%), Elstar (7%), Red Boskoop (6%), Cortland

(3%), Gloster (3%). One year old trees having minimum 12 mm

diameter and a few feathers are the best for planting. Better yields

can be obtained with two years old trees having one year old crown

with numerous feathers.

In Poland single row' system of planting is prefered. These

systems allows to plant from 1000 to 3000 apple trees per ha. More

dense planting systems are under several experiments and especially

multiple row' system with 2, 3, 4 or 5 rows planted very narrow'

together consisting from 2000 to 10000 trees per ha. High density

planting gave good results only in first years after establishing the

orchard. Soon alter that, crop per tree dropped down and fruit

quality declined. Fruit quality plays most important role on Polish

market. Fruit thining and summer pruning is a treatmens that can

improve size and fruit colour. To obtain good quality apples inten

sive protective program is necessary against apple scab and meldew\

It is necessary to spray 8-10 times and 2-3 times against insects. In

Poland is necessary to sell about 15 tons of good quality apples to

cover the cost of 1ha of orchard management.

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