Этюды в области гибридизации, иммунитета и трансплантации растений

These hybrids are liable to Erysiphe graminis. Therefore, we began experiments oq the acquired immunity to Erysiphe graminis of many susceptible wheats, of these hybrids in the number, of their parents and in general of the representatives of the 42-chromosome group of wheats, known for their liability to E. graminis. The presence of acquired immunity in plants is admitted by some authors, by others it is denied, it cannot be regarded therefore, as finally proven. However, we presume that it may be sometimes pro­ ven. Noubecoiirt, Zoja, etc., have convincing data on this subject; As other authors, we vaccinated liable wheats with extracts. In our experiments we used extracts from conidiospores of Erysiphe graminis. The conidiospores were collected from fresh, easily crumbling batches of mycela on the epidermis of leaves of strongly infected wheats. Then the conidiospores were shaken up in 403 cm of distilled water. Besides this local vaccination, we applied also general vaccination by three* fold be sprinkling with an extract of spores. Then the plants were pla­ ced under a glass cover. The vaccination was repeated two days later; The stage of green seedlings and the stage are the most liable to vaccination. We did not vaccinate the embryo as Zoja did. About 10—12 days later, both vaccinated and control non-vaccinated plants were infected with Erysiphe graminis. The young plants clearly showed positive results after vaccina­ tion. From 5 to 6 days after infection the non-vaccinated control plants of our hybrid with ball-shaped grain (viz. deviation towards the mother wheat species) and plants of the mother species were stron­ gly infected with Erysiphe graminis and the formation of conidio­ spores took place rapidly, while the vaccinated plants had only white dots on the leaves signalyzing the presence of perishing cells, no formation of mycelum and, especially, of conidiospores, taking place. So far, we have not studied the duration of the immune state. In any case, it is short. Preliminary experiments make it possible to suppose that the cells of the epidermis of successfully vacci­ nated plants elaborate special substances, inhibiting-the growth of mycelum of Erysiphe graminis and the latter perishes from emaciation. In 1927 we discovered a new species of rye in Turky which we described finally in our book «La Turquie agricole» by the name Secale ancestrale Zhuk. In this book we proposed anew conception on the extraction of cultured rye. This new species is distinguished by its considerable height (3—4 meters), numerous stems, thick straw, very large brittle ears and narrow flattened out grain. In nature we found this rye species in Aidyn, in the valley of the river Beyuk Menderess, on sands, this showing the psammophyte character of this species. We descri­ bed several varieties of this species and in the number—varieties with vigorously pubescent ears which are unknown in the literature. When this species was sown in Moscow, we came to the conclu­ sion that it includes perennial, winter and summer forms. This species resists the Moscow winters. We were the first to cross this species with the ordinary cultured rye «Viatka» and «Lissitzina». - 45 — Электронная Научная Сельскохозяйственная Библиотека