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300 the principle of diminishing productivity. The significance of technical changes td the real evolution of agriculture, and the role of technical progress. Changes in the combination of ele­ ments of agricultural production occur under the influence of •changes in the correlation as between prices and productive factors, and are regulated by the principle of substitution. The proof of this fact upon the example of the United States. Diagram 16. The index of agricultural intensity in the United States, and the changes in the correlation between land prices and the level 61 wages of agricultural labourers. Diagram 17. The. index of the real agricultural wages, and the index of the purchasing power ■of agricultural products in the United States. Diagram 18. The index of adricultural intensity in the United States, and the purchasing power of agricultural products. General deductions as to the mechanism of intensification of agriculture. Changes in the combination of productive branches in agri­ culture. The erroneousness of the theories which recognise to -soine extent or another the indepandence of agricultural evolu­ tion from market conditions. Such theories are particularly current in Russia. The process of evolution, and the dynamic fluctuations of the short period. ■Examples from the agricultural history of the United States as illustrating the mechanism of evolution in agricultural production,- and the changes in the ■combination of its branches. Diagram 20. The share of wheat in the area of improved farm-land, and the ptirchasing power of the bushel of wheat in the Unites States. Diagram 21. The same for oats. , ■Chapter 12. Geography and Evolution of the Sizes of Farms in North America. ; The size of the prodtictive unit as a new indicator in the -organisation of agricultural production. The effect of the size of the enterprise upon level of costs and prices of.agricultural products. The size of agricultural enterprises is determined by the general mechanism- which regulates the organisation of agri­ cultural production in connection with the, formation of prices. Size indicators , of agricultural enterprises. The territorial size (the size of the area), and the economic size (the amount of capital invested or production). • The value of the farms as an ■ indicator of their economic siz.e. Inventbrisation of the property -as a method of measuring the size of agricultural enterprises. For this purpose it is more proper to calculate the amount of the outlay invested in the agricultural enterprise in the. course of the year, eith .interest fot the. whole of the capital tied up. For mass statistical purposes the gross agricultural income per -farm is the best indicator of the size of agricultural production. Электронная Научная СельскоХозяйственная Библиотека