NED360717NED

37. Ландшафтная карта СССР, м 1 : 2 500 000. -М . : ВСЕГЕИ, 1987. - 16 л. 38. Экологическая карта России, м 1 : 8 000 000. - М. : ПКО «Картография», 1999. - 1 л. 39. Эколого-географическая карта Российской Федерации, масштаб 1: 4 000 000. - М. : ФСГК, 1996.- 4 л. 40. Природные кормовые угодья Российской Федерации и сопряженных государств (карта м 1 : 4 000 000). - М. : ФСГК, 2001. - 4 л. 41. Лукомец В. М., Пивень В. Т., Тишков Н. М. Защита подсолнечника от вредите­ лей и болезней // Защита и карантин растений. - 2007. - № 5. - С. 14-16. CROP PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN THE AGROLANDSCAPES OF CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION V. M. Kosolapov, I. A. Trofimov, L. S. Trofimova, E. P. Yakovleva The results o f the agrolandscape-ecological zoning Central Chernozem Region, which covers the Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk and Tambov regions (total area o f 16,785.6 thousand ha) are shown. It includes assessment o f the Central Chernozem Re­ gion agrolandscapes, natural grasslands, the main characteristic o f the plant, man­ agement strategy agricultural landscapes and environmental management. Agrolandscape-ecological zoning forage lands o f Central Chernozem natural- economic area (CCR), performed to ensure the scientific management o f agricultural landscapes, environmental management, optimization o f agrolandscapes and environ­ ment protection. The territory o f the CCA divided into 3 zones: the broad-leavedforest (8 %), forest steppe (75 %), steppe (17 %), 4 provinces and 10 districts. As a result o f zoning identified: the critical state o f agricultural landscapes, the degradation o f agri­ cultural land, the development o f negative processes o f erosion, dehumification and others. O f the total area o f agricultural land CCR (13,334.3 thousand ha, 100 %) are about 39 % erosion dangerous and 18 % deflation dangerous, total 57 %, 21 % o f them have already eroded and deflated; 3 % waterlogged, 4 % swamped, 53 % acidic. To ensure the productivity and sustainability o f agro-ecosystems need to increase the share o f environment stabilizing components o f agricultural landscapes in the CCR (pastures, hay fields, forests) by 15-20 % to 50 60 % o f the optimum. Field crops ra­ ther differ significantly in their effect on the mineralization o f humus and soil fo r­ mation. The highest average annual loss o f humus are observed under clean steam and tilled (1.5-2.5 t/ha), medium — grain and annual grasses (0.4-1 t/ha). Under the per­ ennial grasses humus content increases by 0.3 0.6 t/ha per year. In many regions o f the CCR favorable soil conditions are createdfor only 2-3 % o f the acreage o fperennial grasses, whereas 97-98 % happens o f the systematic significant reduction in soil fer­ tility. Accordingly, increasing the cost o f agriculturalproduction. Keywords: agrolandscape-ecological zoning, Central Chernozem region, environmen­ tal management, optimization o f agrolandscapes, natural grasslands, structure o f sown areas, crop rotation, perennial herbs. 48